What does the term "invasive species" refer to?

The term "invasive species" specifically refers to non-native organisms that, when introduced to a new environment, cause harm to the local ecosystem, economy, or human health. These species often reproduce rapidly and can outcompete native species for resources such as food, habitat, and nutrients, leading to a decline or displacement of native wildlife and plants. Invasive species can alter habitats, disrupt food webs, and contribute to loss of biodiversity. This disruption can have far-reaching impacts, affecting conservation efforts, agricultural practices, and the overall balance within ecosystems.

In contrast, native species are integral parts of their ecosystems and contribute positively to biodiversity and ecological balance. Plants that enhance local biodiversity contribute beneficially to their environment rather than disrupting it. Species that contribute to soil health play an essential role in maintaining soil quality and fertility, but they do not fall under the definition of invasive species if they are part of the native ecosystem. Therefore, the second option accurately represents the concept of invasive species by emphasizing their non-native status and their disruptive impact on local ecosystems.