What is a primary goal of integrated pest management (IPM) in ornamental gardening?

The primary goal of integrated pest management (IPM) in ornamental gardening is to minimize pest populations while maximizing plant health. This approach recognizes that pests are a natural part of the ecosystem and focuses on maintaining a balance. Instead of striving for the complete eradication of pests, which can be impractical and harmful to beneficial organisms and the environment, IPM seeks to manage pest populations at levels that do not cause significant harm to plants.

IPM utilizes a variety of strategies, including cultural practices, biological controls, and, when necessary, chemical controls, to keep pest populations in check. This comprehensive method ensures that plants remain healthy and can thrive while effectively managing any pest concerns. The emphasis on plant health also considers factors such as soil quality, environmental conditions, and proper plant selection, which are essential for sustainable gardening practices.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the principles of IPM. Striving for complete elimination of all pests can lead to negative environmental impacts and potential harm to beneficial species. Relying solely on chemical controls is not consistent with IPM's holistic approach, and avoiding all control measures would likely lead to unacceptable levels of pest damage and threaten plant health.