What is the effect of compaction on soil health?

Compaction has a significant negative effect on soil health primarily because it decreases air and water movement within the soil profile. When soil is compacted, the particles are pressed closely together, reducing the pore spaces between them. These pore spaces are crucial for allowing air and water to circulate through the soil, which are essential components for plant growth and overall soil health.

Limited air movement can lead to anaerobic conditions that negatively impact root respiration and microbial activity. Additionally, reduced water infiltration can result in water runoff instead of absorption, which can lead to problems such as soil erosion and poor moisture availability for plants. Healthy soil structure is necessary for supporting vital processes like aeration, drainage, and nutrient cycling, all of which are hindered by compaction.

While compaction might seem beneficial in terms of preventing weed growth due to a denser surface layer, it primarily compromises the essential conditions needed for healthy plant root systems and overall soil functionality. Therefore, the statement regarding compaction decreasing air and water movement accurately captures its detrimental impact on soil health.